Memorial Day, 2008: The Tipping Point in the Peak Oil Debate

May 28, 2008 at 11:28 am
Contributed by:

Folks,

Here is my latest article for Energy and Capital, in which I mark Memorial Day, 2008 as the end of the peak oil “debate,” and the beginning of a new dialogue about the future of energy…

–C

P.S. Speaking of which, my book actually reached #42 on the overall Amazon charts last week…a pretty remarkable thing, considering that only a couple of years ago peak oil was considered a fringe theory!

Memorial Day, 2008: The Tipping Point in the Peak Oil Debate

The Game Is Afoot

2008-05-28
By Chris Nelder

Those of us who have watched for the inevitable arrival of the peak oil crisis have been waiting for years for the day when we no longer had to fight for the acceptance of the idea, and could start getting on with the hard business of what to do about it.

And then, just like that, it happened.

Like a chorus line turning in unison from left to right, the media and the financial markets turned and embraced the notion of peak oil last week.

For convenience, let’s call it Memorial Day, 2008.

CNBC devoted a whole day to peak oil coverage, allowing some in-depth discussion of the issue possibly for the first time. In the evening, it broadcast a special called "Oil Crisis."

Billionaire hedge fund manager and oil man T. Boone Pickens said he saw oil going to $150 this year, and this time, was widely quoted in the financial press. (Check out this excellent interview with him from the Milken Institute Global Conference 2008 in April.) He put the reasons behind rising oil prices plainly:

"They’ve got to go up, because the people that have the oil want it to go up. They’re running out of oil. They’re going to have to have—85 million barrels a day is all the world can produce. The demand is 87 million. It’s that simple. It doesn’t have anything to do with the value of the dollar. It’s a fact of supply and demand. That’s it."

While we might politely disagree with the legendary oil investor about the dollar part, in terms of the overall trend being about the fundamentals, he was spot-on. He took a 14 percent loss in the first two months of this year by shorting oil and natural gas, and quickly learned from the error to get long again and back into the black.

Goldman Sachs analyst Arjun Murti, the only major investment bank analyst who correctly predicted oil over $100 last year, said that oil could breach $200 this year, and $150 was very likely. Again, this time, Wall Street sat up and took notice instead of laughing.

In the last couple of weeks, when I talked about peak oil in my radio and TV appearances, I didn’t get shouted down immediately, or dismissed for holding a "controversial theory." Instead, they actually listened to hear what I had to say next.

In an interview with CNN radio last week, I think the host was rather shocked when she asked me if recent predictions of $12 gasoline in the next few years could happen.

"Easily," I said, "easily." And then explained why peak oil means that prices will have to keep going higher as long as global demand continues higher, because supply appears to be maxed out. Even as demand in the developed world declines due to price-induced demand destruction, the red-hot developing economies of the world are more than making up for it.

And you could have heard a pin drop when I explained that "there are no supply side solutions to peak oil" to another radio interviewer last week.

The dialogue didn’t shift because pundits suddenly understood the importance of flow rates, or because the data on reserve estimates suddenly became clear.

It was the price that did it.

With oil and gasoline making an almost a unbroken string of record-breaking prices since the start of the year, the problem finally got the attention of the media, and now they are grasping for answers. Reaching the $130 mark was apparently the last straw.

There is still much confusion over why oil prices are so high. Some blame speculators, even though the ultimate holder of a futures contract must take delivery of the oil for use in a refinery. Some still point to a "terror premium," even though oil prices have continued straight up as geopolitical events come and go. Others vastly overrate the importance of the declining dollar, or the latest inventory numbers, or pronouncements from OPEC.

At least nobody is claiming that oil will go back to $45 a barrel anymore, or that new supply in the next few years will somehow resolve the tension with unflagging global demand. Oil futures have gone back into a contango mode, indicating that fears about supply have gripped the market, prompting the Financial Times to report last week that "peak oil views" are now influencing oil prices.

IEA’s Bombshell

As the Street grappled with the new reality of oil price, the Wall Street Journal dropped a bombshell that reinforced the supply question decisively. They previewed the International Energy Agency’s upcoming report, which won’t be out until November, on the world’s top 400 oil fields, including their individual depletion rates.

The bottom line was a zinger.

For the first time, the IEA admitted that the depletion of aging oil wells, combined with the dampening effect of skyrocketing costs on new field development, means that the world will have a hard time reaching 100 million barrels a day of production within the next two decades.

Their previous estimate from only last year was 116 mbpd by 2030, which was backed up by similar reports last year from the EIA and the National Petroleum Council.

Their projected supply curves are now sharply reduced, while their global demand projections continue to show about a 1.5% annual rate of growth.

Fatih Birol, the IEA’s chief economist, said: "One of our findings will be that the oil investments required may be much, much higher than what people assume. This is a dangerous situation."

For those who understand this data, this was a major, major announcement. It means that the IEA—the official energy data agency of the OECD—has given up on its long track record of ridiculously optimistic projections that supply would always meet the expected demand. They are no longer assuming that any supply gap would be filled by big OPEC producers such as Saudi Arabia, Iran or Kuwait.

Perhaps they felt emboldened to leak this preview of their findings because they realize that their credibility is at stake. They have consistently underestimated the challenges of today’s oil business in their previous annual outlook reports, and their projections for both supply and price have been way off the mark.

The world’s remaining undeveloped oil resources will require enormous efforts and capital to produce, including extreme technology, extreme physical challenges, and unprecedented geopolitical risks. Any increases in oil production that the world does manage over the next couple of years aren’t going to come easily.

Whatever the IEA’s reasons, however, the game is up. Most of the world now recognizes that we are up against a bona fide supply limit, and all the market is doing now is trying to find the proper value of a barrel of finite, nonrenewable, and diminishing petroleum.

In fact, I’m having my doubts about anything over 90 mbpd. I suspect that in another two or three years, as we reach the end of plateau at the global peak of oil production and start down the other side, the IEA will once again revise its estimates downward to match up with reality.

Those of us who have been laboring for years to explain that we really do have a supply problem and that no, drilling ANWR or deepwater Gulf of Mexico won’t fix it, should take a brief moment to shout "Hallelujah!"

With all the media attention, the game of investing to profit from the peak is most certainly afoot, and we’ve got some excellent picks in the $20 Trillion portfolio that can produce domestic oil for under $50 a barrel.

Hold on, folks. The ride is just about to start getting interesting…

Until next time,

Chris

Illusions of Candor: Peak Oil Consequences of Bush’s Failed Energy Policies

May 21, 2008 at 8:10 am
Contributed by:

Folks,


Profit from the Peak: The End of Oil and the Greatest Investment Event of the Century

First, the good news: My book cracked the top 100 on Amazon today!


Amazon.com Sales Rank: #62 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

Popular in these categories: (What’s this?)

#1 in  Books > Business & Investing > Investing > Futures
#1 in  Books > Business & Investing > Investing > Commodities
#2 in  Books > Business & Investing > Popular Economics

I also had a decent short radio interview with CNN today, which was broadcast live and at the top of every hour across the network. I’m still trying to round up an online copy of that…

Moving right along, here’s this week’s article for Energy and Capital.

If you’re a Bush supporter, and your knee-jerk reaction to this article is to dismiss it as mere Bush-bashing, then please look at it again. As far as I am aware, it’s simply the truth.

–C

Illusions of Candor

Peak Oil Consequences of Bush’s Failed Energy Policies

2008-05-21

By Chris Nelder

Rising oil prices just seem unstoppable.

Even I was amazed to see crude pushing $130 on Tuesday. Not because it had gotten to that price, but because it got there so fast. That’s 30% over where it was at the beginning of the year.

The peakers (or, if you like, the "peak freaks") have won the debate about oil supplies, and it was the price shock that ended it. I’d still prefer that the discussion revolved around flow rates—that is, whether we can really get from 85 million barrels per day (mbpd) today to 116 by 2030, as the IEA has predicted—but I’ll settle for not having to see some "expert" on TV predicting that oil is going back to $45, or $25, or whatever, anymore.

At least the message that oil prices are never going back to those levels seems to have gotten through.

Last July, the National Petroleum Council joined the chorus predicting that oil supply would reach 115-120 mbpd by 2030. I lambasted them for it, along with many other knowledgeable observers.

One of those observers was Matthew Simmons, the world’s top oil investment banker, who remarked, "We don’t have any idea where those reserves are going to come from or how we are going to get them out of the ground. The odds of this ever happening are zero."

Simmons had argued for years that oil was far too cheap, and would soon go into triple digits. He saw $150 oil not too far into the future, and eventually perhaps $300 oil, but in mid-2007, he was widely ridiculed for it.

Well, Simmons was right. He wasn’t the only one, either.

Legendary oil investor T. Boone Pickens agreed with Simmons, and placed his bets accordingly, which made him a fortune. Pickens’ latest bet is that we’ll see $150 oil by the end of this year.

Goldman Sachs is another. They were the only investment bank to correctly predict today’s oil prices last year. Their latest prediction? $148 a barrel this year.

I think that’s about right. It might even be a bit on the conservative side.

But not everyone in the oil and investing business has had the vision to see the future of oil clearly, or the guts to make such bold predictions.

Unfortunately for America—indeed, for the world—our president, with all of his experience and knowledge of the oil business, has been one of the last to come around.

The Jawbone of an Ass

When Dubya was first running for president in 1999, and oil had risen to the shocking price of $30 a barrel, he chastised President Clinton for it, arguing that he "must jawbone OPEC members to lower prices."

Perhaps he intended "jawbone" as a reference to Judges Chapter 15 in the Bible, where Samson picks up the jawbone of an ass and uses it to slay 1000 Philistines. That sort of megalomanic Christianity has been a common theme in his presidency. But some of us might read his metaphor a slightly different way…

As his campaign went on, the "jawbone" solution became a regular part of his stump speech. In June 2000, the New York Times reported:

"I would work with our friends in OPEC to convince them to open up the spigot, to increase the supply," Mr. Bush, the presumptive Republican candidate for president, told reporters here today. "Use the capital that my administration will earn, with the Kuwaitis or the Saudis, and convince them to open up the spigot."

His pitch was essentially unchanged in the spring of 2005, with oil now trading in the $50s: "I’ll be talking to our friends about making sure they understand that if they pinch the world economy too much, it’ll affect their ability to sell crude oil in the long run," Bush said.

When Gov. Bill Richardson was energy secretary under President Clinton, he did plenty of jawboning—or at least, he tried. In an interview with the Associated Press a few days ago, he remarked that "on several occasions they increased production and the price actually went down."

But Bush, he said, was (as they say in Texas), all hat and no cattle. "He never jawbones."

Until recently, that is.

To be fair, Bush has sent his energy secretary, Samuel Bodman, several times to try to talk OPEC into producing more oil, but he too has been frustrated. "I certainly have made my views known. Whether they respond or choose to respond is up to them and not up to me. I’m doing the best I can within the limited sets of options that we have," Bodman recently remarked.

Neither Bodman’s efforts nor Bush’s have produced results. Not only has Bush earned no capital with Kuwait or Saudi Arabia, he’s been earning their disdain.

Last Sunday, on his second jawboning trip to Saudi Arabia this year, the president had the temerity to lecture the Saudis over their morality, social policies, and energy policy. He warned that "the supply of oil is limited, and nations like mine are aggressively developing alternatives to oil."

"Over time," he cautioned, "as the world becomes less dependent on oil, nations in the Middle East will have to build more diverse and more dynamic economies."

The Saudi leadership was swift to respond, chastising those "who are questioning our oil practices and policies." They were also quick to point out that their decision to increase oil production by 300,000 barrels a day by June was not influenced by Bush’s trip. That decision was made a week prior, and was simply calculated to meet anticipated demand.

The markets weren’t impressed, and responded to his trip by sending oil a few dollars higher, to over $126 a barrel.

"Bush’s credibility is zero anyway," remarked Walid Khadduri, a Beirut-based consultant, on the trip. "I really don’t know anyone who follows what he says, especially after what has happened in Iraq and then his Knesset speech the other day," he said, referring to Bush’s apparent swipe at Barack Obama at a recent speech to the Israeli legislature, wherein he said that "some seem to believe we should negotiate with terrorists and radicals."

Once again, Bush seems to be living in an alternate universe.

Not only is jawboning the Saudis to increase their oil production a kind of negotiation with our "friends" who don’t subscribe to most of our democratic ideals, biting the hand that feeds you at the very same moment is a tactic that even a three-year-old wouldn’t try.

OPEC knows the score on oil as well as anyone. They are basically correct in asserting that the markets are well-supplied, and that global refining capacity for the ample supplies of heavy sour crude from sources such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela is limited.

They also know that, as I have written about previously, the skyrocketing price of oil in recent times has as much to do with the sinking dollar as anything else. But the Bush administration has done nothing about that, so why should OPEC make extraordinary efforts to increase oil production? They would rather simply limit their exposure to the Fed’s failed fiscal policy by trading more oil in euros and other non-dollar denominations.

Finally, OPEC knows that peak oil has arrived, and its members are becoming more focused on stewarding their black gold riches for their own countries’ benefit than they are on trying to prop up the U.S. economy. "I think it’s a mistake to have your biggest customer’s economy to slow down," Bush whined, but OPEC is looking at their biggest customers going forward: not the U.S., where petroleum consumption is slowly declining, but the emerging economies of the world, where demand is red-hot.

But President Bush has continued to pretend that we can drill our way to oil freedom, if only those damn Democrats and environmentalists would get out of the way…even though he knows that’s not true.

"W" Is For Wrong Way

It’s not like President Bush has been oblivious to peak oil. This wasn’t his first statement to the effect that oil won’t last forever, although he’s been careful to avoid the phrase "peak oil." Dick Cheney himself explained the reality of peak oil to the Institute of Petroleum in November, 1999:

By some estimates there will be an average of two per cent annual growth in global oil demand over the years ahead along with conservatively a three per cent natural decline in production from existing reserves. That means by 2010 we will need on the order of an additional fifty million barrels a day. So where is the oil going to come from? Governments and the national oil companies are obviously controlling about ninety per cent of the assets. Oil remains fundamentally a government business. While many regions of the world offer great oil opportunities, the Middle East with two thirds of the world’s oil and the lowest cost, is still where the prize ultimately lies, even though companies are anxious for greater access there, progress continues to be slow.

Adding another 50 million barrels par day is like adding another five Saudi Arabias. Even Bush knows that’s not possible. The whole time he’s been talking about jawboning our friends, he has known what was to come.

And he has done his level best to ensure that America is completely and utterly unprepared to deal with it.

A president who truly cared about his country, knowing what he has known about peak oil, would have taken the galvanizing effect of 9-11 to ask his fellow citizens to drive less, to conserve, to pull together in a campaign of relocalization, and do to all that we could to wean ourselves from our addiction to oil.

Instead, he encouraged us to jump in our SUVs and go shopping.

Instead, he tried to manufacture consent to invade Iraq, and go after its oil militarily on a false pretext, which actually reduced the global supply of oil.

Instead of actually doing something to reduce our dependence on oil, or aggressively pursuing renewable energy technologies that are technically and economically viable today, he has put a big fat thumb on the scale in favor of the oil and gas business, and trumpeted the fairy tale of a "hydrogen economy" and not-ready-for-prime-time switchgrass ethanol.

He has blocked and stalled every meaningful attempt to address the climate change challenge, to the point where America now stands alone in the developed world in opposing the Kyoto Protocol. Worse, the White House has directly intervened to prevent the EPA from granting states the authority to set more stringent air quality standards. This administration has consistently demonstrated a "disregard for the law and science" in its opposition to environmental protection, according to federal judges.

Instead of asking America to reduce its dependence on petroleum, he has argued that we should crawl out even further on that limb by expanding destructive drilling off our coasts, and in our remaining wildlife refuges and natural preserves. This White House has attempted at every turn to gut conservation laws and render their enforcement toothless.

"Until we change our habits, there’s going to be more dependency on oil," he admitted, but then has recommended absolutely nothing to change those habits. Instead of doing something effective, like supporting expanded rail service and requiring higher CAFE standards, the administration has sided firmly with the automakers in resisting higher efficiency and emission standards, while leaving Amtrak to struggle along on a life-support budget.

Indeed, he has actually made our problems worse, by killing the Partnership for a New Generation Vehicle program, which promised to deliver 80 mpg cars, and replacing it with a the pie-in-the-sky "Freedom Car" program, which only served to delay any real progress. Oh, and giving tax breaks to SUV drivers. 

Not to mention this administration’s full-throated support for corn ethanol, which has caused the painful—and entirely predictable—inflation of food prices, but which has not brought oil prices down at all. In fact it has only delayed the inevitable day when we must find ways to reduce our consumption of liquid fuels, a delay that will cost us dearly in the coming years.

"Our problem in America gets solved when we aggressively go for domestic exploration," Bush said after meeting with Afghan President Hamid Karzai a few days ago. "Our problem in America gets solved if we expand our refining capacity, promote nuclear energy and continue our strategy for the advancing of alternative energies as well as conservation," he said.

If only that were true. The nation’s refinery utilization is currently at the bottom end of the normal range. Nuclear energy production cannot grow much beyond the current level (I explain the reasons for this in my book, Profit from the Peak), and it isn’t going to do squat about our liquid fuel crisis. For electricity production, wind and solar are safer, and in many cases, cheaper than nuclear energy anyway.

And continuing his "strategy" for advancing alternative energy and conservation would amount to doing far too little, too late.

There is talk, and then there is action. With the Bush administration, they are two totally different things.

When you look at the actions of this administration, they are clearly focused on one purpose only: to increase the wealth, and limit the liability, of the traditional energy business. Period.

The rest of the nation has been hung out to dry.

A recent survey by law firm DLA Piper showed that 54% of its top corporate clients cited energy as the top issue that the next president and Congress should focus on, because energy costs are hurting their businesses from top to bottom. Energy costs have trumped the credit crisis, the recession, and foreign competition as their primary threat.

But you wouldn’t know it from listening to Bush.

While oil and gasoline prices have hit record high after record high, and the dollar has posted record low after record low, Bush has said next to nothing, other than that he "understands" that America is hurting.

I have no doubt of that, just as I have no doubt that things are going exactly the way he wants them to. He has successfully pushed the difficult choices that this nation has to face onto the next administration, and delayed the growth of renewable energy, while thickly lining the pockets of his friends in the energy business.

Thanks for nothing, Dubya. Don’t let the door hit you on the way out.

Until next time,


Chris

Peak Oil and the Rail Revolution

May 20, 2008 at 9:21 am
Contributed by:

Folks,

Here’s last week’s article for Energy and Capital.

–C

Peak Oil and the Rail Revolution

Say Goodbye to Cheap Air Travel

2008-05-15
By Chris Nelder

Several years ago, when I began to realize the implications of peak oil, I wondered: Will I ever get to see Asia? Or Africa?

I had no doubt that the air travel business was in for a world of hurt, once oil prices started going up fast. And when that happened, air travel to such far-flung destinations would be out of reach for regular folks like me.

I just didn’t think that day would come quite so soon. I can already see my window of opportunity to lay on the beaches of Thailand, or hike the rugged mountains of Tibet or Japan, closing.

In the last 90 days, jet fuel prices have spiked 38%, rising along with crude.

It was no surprise to me, then, to see some of the smaller carriers starting to go belly up this year. As oil has hit record high after record high, fuel costs have actually exceeded labor costs for many airlines, accounting for as much as 40% of operating expenses.

They just couldn’t price their tickets high enough to keep the business aloft. Of the 769 million travelers who boarded U.S. flights last year, we might think a sizeable percentage are on discretionary trips.

(Likewise, fuel prices are hurting the trucking industry and causing truckers to strike. For some, diesel costs have spiked about 90% in the last six months alone, far outpacing the cost increase of gasoline. Who wants to operate at a loss?)

The budget carriers, already surviving on razor-thin margins, have seen their profits simply evaporate.

So far, eight airlines have officially bitten the dust:

Aloha Airlines

ATA Airlines

Champion Air

EOS Airlines

MAXjet Airways

Oasis Hong Kong Airlines

Skybus Airlines

Skyway Airlines

One of them-ATA Airlines-even left some soldiers from Vermont stranded in Iraq, unable to get home as the company went bankrupt.

Frontier Airlines is now bankrupt, too…and they won’t be the last to go, either.

The bigger carriers with deeper pockets (and more unsold seats) have kept prices relatively low while burning through cash reserves as their own fuel costs mounted. American Airlines is now losing about $3.3 million a day, and at the current rate, could burn through its $5 billion in cash reserves in as little as four years. And it has the biggest cash reserve in the industry.

When you’re bleeding like that, skimping on maintenance, taking safety risks like flying with inadequate fuel reserves, and nickel-and-diming your passengers will only buy you a little time.

Consequently, the bigger carriers are looking to mergers in an attempt to save their skins.

Northwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines have proposed a merger, which is now under review. The Northwest CEO recently said that the merged entity will likely be smaller than the sum of the parts, due to soaring fuel costs.

If the merger receives the approval the Justice Department and Congress, it’s likely to spark a wave of additional mergers. UAL, the parent company of United Airlines, is already in talks with both Continental Airlines and US Airways, and I anticipate more to come.

Other carriers are turning to debt, to ride out what they hope is a limited era of unprecedented fuel costs.

The last of Britain’s business-class only airlines, Silverjet, just borrowed $25 million from an unknown Middle Eastern investor (reputed to be an Abu Dhabi investment fund) to get it through the rest of the year…with a promise that it could borrow another $75 million in the future.

Tricky Trading

The U.S. airline sector as a whole posted an $11 billion loss in the first quarter of this year. "When all the results are in, this will be one of the worst quarters for the industry in its history," said John Heimlich, chief economist for the Air Transport Association.

Every major carrier except Southwest Airlines recorded a loss. Southwest posted a $34 million profit.

How did Southwest do it? By hedging 70% of their fuel costs. The next most hedged was Northwest, at 45%, and all the rest were under 24%. Their hedging strategy is simple: They buy fuel futures when the market is soft. Southwest is now benefitting from having the foresight to start hedging a full decade ago.

To capitalize on my own foresight, I have wanted to short the airlines so badly for several years running. But I never did, for three reasons.

One, there is always the possibility of yet another airline industry bailout by the feds, which is a deadly risk if you’re short.

Two, it’s a business with a long growth pattern. Airbus and Boeing are still sitting on a long book of backorders and projecting that they will double the fleet size over the next several decades. Historically, shorting the airlines has been a good way to get your head handed to you.

And three, I couldn’t find any good ways to play the short side of the air industry in general. There are no airline ETFs, and for good reason. It’s mostly a money losing business, with extremely slow growth rates and enormous risk and capital requirements.

There is, however, a way to profit from the airline industry collapse, which we’ll get to in a moment.

One additional factor is weighing against the airline industry, and that’s climate change. Air travel is estimated to account for somewhere between 4-9% of all emissions, and people are beginning to think twice about hopping a flight when perhaps a teleconference would do. Increasing public sensitivity to the climate change issue will add pressure to the industry’s burden.

A Slow Boat To China

The equation is clear: skyrocketing oil prices, thanks to peak oil, are the death knell of cheap air travel. From here on out, as oil continues to rise, those cramped seats will get harder to find, and more expensive.

In time, air travel will once again be only for the rich. I expect it will end much as it began, with limited high quality service for a select clientele. Consider this: A seat on the first commercial air flight, a 23 minute hop from St. Petersburg to Tampa, Florida in 1914, cost more than $3600 in today’s money.

For us regular folks, this could be our last chance to see the world on the cheap, without devoting weeks or months to the traveling part.

According to Delta CEO Richard Anderson, ticket prices would have to rise 15-20% just to cover increased fuel costs. "You can’t underestimate the spike in fuel prices and how it is fundamentally changing the industry," he said.

But like most many aspects of peak oil, there may be a silver lining here. Life will slow down from its current frenetic pace, and that’s not such a bad thing. Maybe I’d enjoy a long journey by boat to Asia. Like the song from 1945 says:

I’d like to get you
On a slow boat to China,
All to myself alone.
To get you and keep you in my arms evermore,
Leave all your lovers
Weeping on the faraway shore.

Out on the briny
With the moon big and shinny,
Melting your heart of stone.
Darling, I’d love to get you
On a slow boat to China,
All to myself alone.

Some things take time. It’s not easy to melt a lady’s heart on a mere five-hour flight.

So in some ways, I’m not going to miss cheap air travel that much. Yes it’s convenient when you have to cross the country, but the whole experience has become so painful. Between the lost luggage, the cancelled flights, the discomfort, and being treated like a presumed criminal, I look at economy air travel as a last resort.

I actually opted to drive 15 hours home for Christmas for the last two years, rather than endure the 12-36 hour random experience of trying to fly at that time of year, with bad weather and cancelled flights and a crush of travelers. On a cost basis, I figure I at least broke even. But I enjoyed the trip far more, feeling like Jack Kerouac with the windows down and the stereo blasting big band music as I blew across hours of open desert on the old Route 66.

I know that some day, when fuel becomes too expensive and hard to get, I’m going to miss that experience.

But by that time, I hope to have an even better alternative: a rail ticket.

Rail: The Longest Safe Bet You Can Make

If you’ve ever had the pleasure of riding a modern high-speed railroad in Europe, you know why I say that.

Taking the TGV, the electric-powered French long-distance railroad, across the country from Paris to Provence was without a doubt the most enjoyable travel I have ever experienced. I boarded the train shortly before departure time without any security checks, and kept all my bags with me the entire way. I luxuriated in a huge leather reclining seat while being quietly whisked at 200 mph across the picturesque countryside. Regular service walked up and down the aisles, asking if I’d like anything to eat or drink. Or I could get up and stretch my legs and walk down to the café car if I wanted something-like a decent sandwich on a nice baguette, not some nasty air "snack." Door to door, it was a little cheaper than an air ticket, and took less time because trains go from city center to city center, not to some godforsaken outpost 20 miles outside of town.

Compared to the cattle car experience of discount air travel, it’s bliss.

Comfort aside though, rail is bound to gain market share in the coming decades as the airline industry contracts. This is because rail is by far the cheapest and most fuel-efficient form of transport, requiring about a third less fuel than air for personal travel, and as little as 3% of the energy for freight.

Rail can also run on renewably generated electricity, making it a true transportation alternative for the future.

Now, I realize that the only long-distance passenger carrier in the country, Amtrak, is terminally broken and underfunded and suffering from decades of neglect. But as the rail resurgence in freight travel picks up speed, I have no doubt that passenger rail will follow.

Simon Fraser University professor Anthony Perl, author of the new book Transport Revolutions, predicts that in 2025, no more than 25 airports will be functional. Electric powered transportation and rail will be the standard transport options.

Very simply, in a post-peak oil world, rail is a no-brainer. It’s probably the longest safe bet one could possibly make.

That would explain why the sector has attracted large investments from some of the wealthiest investors in the country over the last several years.

Bill Gates has become the largest investor in Canadian National Railway (NYSE: CNI). Warren Buffett and George Soros have taken large positions in both Union Pacific (NYSE: UNP) and Norfolk Southern (NYSE: NSC). And Carl Icahn has taken a $122 million stake in CSX Corporation (NYSE: CSX).

Their investments have already paid off handsomely. Consider this chart of a few of the top airlines against their rail counterparts over the last year and a half:

5-14-08 Nelder EAC chart

What else need we say?

Until next time,

Chris Nelder

Chris

Rockefeller vs. ExxonMobil

May 7, 2008 at 8:00 am
Contributed by:

Folks,

In my latest article for Energy and Capital, I see a turning point for Big Oil in the way that the Rockefeller clan is pushing ExxonMobil to invest in alternative energy.

Rockefeller vs. ExxonMobil

Peak Oil: A Turning Point for Big Oil

2008-05-07
By Chris Nelder

Last Thursday, in my second appearance on Fox Business, Neil Cavuto asked me whether or not I thought it was a good idea to tax the "windfall" profits of Big Oil, and let Congress spend them on alternative energy.

I said no: "The profits that big oil might make at this point I don’t think are necessarily off the table in terms of being available to invest in the technologies of energy of the future. I think instead of taxing income and profits, we ought to be looking at ways to incentivize the fuels of the future."

Just two days earlier, a group of heirs of John D. Rockefeller, the founder of Standard Oil (the precursor to Exxon) had made the same point, but in a different way.

They had staged a media appearance, declaring publicly that they weren’t satisfied with the direction the company was taking, and wanted it to invest more in exploring alternative energy. They also wanted the company to tackle the climate change challenge head-on, rather than resisting it.

The press was quick to pick that story up, along with the $10.9 billion in profit ExxonMobil reported for the first quarter of the year.

But most of them missed the real point.

This wasn’t just a story about a shareholder revolt, with the Rockefellers wanting to split the CEO and board chairmanship into two positions, to gain leverage over the direction of the company. Nor was it really about Exxon’s enormous profits.

It was a nothing less than a major milestone in the history of Big Oil.

A Turning Point for Big Oil

Just a few years ago, Exxon’s CEO Rex Tillerson said he wasn’t interested in getting into the alternative energy business. Oil and gas was enough for them. (This was before Sen. Jay Rockefeller sent them a letter in 2006, demanding that they stop funding denialist "research" designed to confuse the public about global warming.)

Now, the old money in the company is telling him to get with the times, or step aside.

"They are fighting the last war, and they’re not seeing they’re facing a new war," said Peter O’Neill, the founder’s great-great-grandson who now heads a Rockefeller family committee of shareholders.

The "war" he’s referring to, though perhaps an unfortunate choice of words, is the struggle to maintain profitability in an oil industry where:

  • The capital costs are enormous,
  • The investment horizons very long,
  • The good prospects are diminishing, and
  • The price of your product fluctuates to extremes.

The company’s management has been around long enough to remember when oil fell from $37 in 1980 all the way down to $12 in 1998. Consequently, they are reluctant to commit billions of dollars to the remaining drilling prospects even with oil at $120, fearing that it could fall back to $60 well before the investment has paid off.

Their charge has been to manage the company to maximize shareholder returns over the long run, not to solve the impending energy crisis.

Downplaying peak oil, injecting squid ink into climate change science, and minimizing investment in environmental protection are all in pursuit of their goal.

But Big Money has different objectives than Big Oil.

The shares the Rockefellers own were handed down from the very formation of the company in 1870. As shareholders, they are less concerned with next quarter’s balance sheet than they are with long-range macro issues, like overpopulation, the future of energy, the health of the environment…and the future of their business.

Their perspective has brought the enormous challenges of the immediate future into view-challenges that the ExxonMobil leadership may be too micro-focused to think about.

The Rockefellers’ case was made clearly by Neva Rockefeller Goodwin, a PhD economist and great-granddaughter of the family patriarch, in a Fox Business interview on May 1:

The problem isn’t the past, and it isn’t the present, it’s the future. We see a world that’s changing very rapidly, with resources becoming more scarce, particularly compared to demand, and of course with petroleum this is obvious; everyone’s feeling the pain of the price at the pump. And with the prospect of climate change, which is causing governments to put on regulations to raise taxes to think of things like cap and trade, which is only going to increase further the price of oil, and it’s causing consumers to wonder, should we be using so much fossil fuel energy, which is causing climate change?

With all these changes happening, Exxon does not show the nimbleness and the entrepreneurial imagination that my great-grandfather had, to make the change. He saw the need to change from whale oil to petroleum-based fuels. Equally important changes are in the winds right now and changes can come very fast. And this company isn’t responding, because it has a corporate culture which is so aware of how well they do in so many ways that they’re not as open as they should be to the need to do things differently. Our hope is that their excellent board, if given more power in the company, can be the portion of the company which thinks more broadly, thinks more strategically, is more open to information and analysis to allow them to move forward.

[Transcription mine.]

She went on to chastise the company for investing only $10 million a year into a Stanford grant for alternative fuel research, when BP and Chevron are investing billions in similar initiatives.

Asked what she would like the company to do, she said, "I would be very happy to see a billion dollars a year into alternatives."

Shape Up, Don’t Ship Out

Have the Rockefellers gone off their rockers? Have they swallowed the green Kool-Aid?

Not at all. They simply have their eye on the long term. They want the company to remain alive and viable for another 100 years.

But Exxon seems to be looking to close up the shop.

As my regular readers know, I have viewed Big Oil’s increasing rate of stock buybacks and dividend distributions as a signal that they’re finding fewer and fewer good sites to drill for more oil. Instead of prospecting in the ground, they’ve been prospecting on Wall Street, buying up smaller companies to replenish their reserve numbers.

Now even those prospects are diminishing. In the absence of good investment opportunities, they’re giving the profits back to the shareholders.

According to Neil McMahon, an analyst at Sanford Bernstein, "At the rate of current stock buybacks, Exxon will have no privately held stock within 15 years."

That would simply not be the case if there were accessible gushers out of oil out there, just waiting for somebody to stick a drillbit in them.

Exxon vice-president Ken Cohen obliquely confirmed this point, saying the company was able to "fully fund all the attractive opportunities we have."

The operative word here is "attractive."

The best remaining unexploited fields in the world are either completely under the control of national oil companies and off limits to the oil majors, or they only offer a limited production partnership role for the oil majors, while keeping the reserves and windfall gains for themselves.

For example, Exxon’s production in Africa, where a large part of those remaining and accessible global reserves lie, fell a whopping 20% as it was required under contract rules to give more of the production to host country governments as oil prices rise. Said McMahon, "Over the next five years their slow production growth guidance may not come to pass at these high oil prices given production sharing agreements."

Exxon’s dispute with Venezuela over the nationalization of its oil fields also cut into its production for the year.

The company’s worldwide oil production now stands at just under 2.5 million barrels a day. That’s right, the world’s largest publicly traded oil company accounts for just 3% of the world’s oil production.

Exxon isn’t alone in having such troubles.

BP’s oil production has been stagnant since 2005. Shell’s has been falling since 2002. And ConocoPhillips only managed to increase its production last year due to its stake in Russia’s Lukoil.

So where is all the money going?

ExxonMobil by the Numbers

Let’s look at Exxon’s numbers, on an annual basis (some annualized from Q1 2008).

  • Net Income: About $40 billion
  • Capital spending and exploration: $21 billion last year, reportedly growing to $25 billion a year over the next five years.
  • Spending on share buybacks: $32 billion, or about a third more than its capital budget
  • Dividends: $7.6 billion

Cash on hand: About $41 billion-again, after fully funding its "attractive opportunities."

Yet, despite spending about half their income in new oil, Exxon’s oil production actually fell 10% year over year, and its oil and gas production overall fell 5.6%.

With this perspective, Big Oil’s profits look less like a "windfall" than they do prudent management of a business in decline.

And going after those profits as a way to force funding in renewable energy is a bad idea. History shows that the market is a far better allocator of investment capital than the government.

Government can offer incentives, but we should let the shareholders of Big Oil chart a new course for their companies to invest appropriately in the energy of the future.

"We Should Leave Oil Before It Leaves Us"

The need to transform the energy industry was made clear in a brief essay by Fatih Birol, the chief economist of the International Energy Agency (IEA), back in March.

"We are on the brink of a new energy order," he wrote. "Over the next few decades, our reserves of oil will start to run out and it is imperative that governments in both producing and consuming nations prepare now for that time. We should not cling to crude down to the last drop - we should leave oil before it leaves us." [Emphasis mine.]

He went on to say, "Oil production by public companies is reaching its peak. They will have to find new ways to conduct business."

Dr. Birol and the Rockefeller clan are on the same page. They all realize that the best days for the oil industry are in the past, and that a transformation to a new energy regime, particularly electric transport, is urgent and necessary.

As Dr. Birol concluded, "The really important thing is that even though we are not yet running out of oil, we are running out of time."

Hopefully, Exxon’s management will get the message, and start taking a more proactive approach to the challenge, as its peers have done.

Whether they do or don’t, though, we have an abundance of ideas here at Angel Publishing. We put out trading recommendations on the next generation of energy and transport all the time in such newsletters as the Alternative Energy Trader and The $20 Trillion Report.

As our favorite young startups gain momentum, they’ll be perfect takeover targets for Big Oil.

Until next time,

Chris Nelder

Chris

My Fox Business appearances are now online

May 7, 2008 at 7:03 am
Contributed by:

If you didn’t catch my appearances on Fox Business last week, they are now viewable on YouTube:

First appearance, part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQ_5S0bbjwU

First appearance, part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avQosIzdgXw

Second appearance with Neil Cavuto: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UdewQcAhQI

Peak Oil: Living on the Banks of Denial

May 2, 2008 at 4:45 am
Contributed by:

Folks,

This week I had the privilege of appearing twice on Fox Business to discuss high oil prices and record profits for Big Oil. I don’t have the video online yet, but when I do, I’ll post it here.

I discussed the first appearance in my Energy and Capital article this week, which you can read below.

The appearances are part of the promotional effort for my new book, Profit from the Peak, which I hope you’ll all pick up and read!

As always, I welcome your feedback.

Cheers,

–C

Peak Oil: Living on the Banks of Denial

On Accepting Peak Oil–And Finding Profit

2008-04-30
By Chris Nelder

I had pretty surreal experience in TV land on Monday.

I had the privilege of appearing on the Fox Business channel, to talk about why oil prices are so high and what the future holds for oil. (See it here: Part 1 and Part 2.)

In typical TV interview format, I was set up in opposition to another energy analyst who is well known for his cornucopian views. Him on one side of the "panel," me on the other, and the moderator.

You probably know what happened next: I sat there trying to stare at a barely visible camera in a small studio in San Francisco with only an ear bud and no video, thanks to the 5-second delay from New York, while the moderator gave the vast majority of our two short segments to the cornucopian, who called me a "peak freak."

I had to grin at that one. (Personally, I prefer the less pejorative "peaker.")

As he carried on about how technology will save the day, achieving vast increases in oil extraction, and about the 12 trillion barrels of oil left to exploit worldwide, I could barely stifle myself.

Unfortunately, they afforded me no opportunity to respond to any of those points. They only seemed to want my opposing view—that oil would stay more or less permanently over $100 a barrel—to make the segment "fair and balanced."

I tried to explain the importance of flow rates, the concept of a plateau at the top of Hubbert’s Peak, the limits of enhanced oil recovery, and the time it takes to bring new solutions to market, but my words seemed to fall on deaf ears.

As any student of peak oil investing knows, this stuff is complex. It’s hard to talk about in TV sound bites. Especially when you have to explain the gulf between the 12 trillion barrels of original oil in place that my opponent was talking about, and the 1 trillion barrels of remaining recoverable oil that I was talking about.

Presumably, Fox Business thought it best to leave it to the viewer to figure that one out.

What can I tell ya. I did what I could with it. Another appearance is scheduled for tomorrow. Maybe I’ll get a few more words in next time.

Evolution of a Peak Freak

I really can’t blame the media for their reluctance to face up to peak oil. It’s an unpleasant concept and it immediately strikes fear into one’s heart.

I have often reflected on how coming to grips with peak oil is much like the process of grieving, as identified by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying. In peaker terms, I’d describe it like this:

  1. Denial: "There’s plenty of oil out there, and we can drill our way out of this."
  2. Anger: "Why aren’t those bastards drilling our way out of this?"
  3. Bargaining: "Well maybe ANWR, the continental offshore, the tar sands, and slightly more efficient cars will fix it."
  4. Depression: "Oh man, we’re screwed, it’s too big a problem for me, I might as well give up."
  5. Acceptance: "I’m ready for the second half of the Age of Oil and I’m going to find a way forward."

Stage One: Denial

My interview segment was an all-too-typical display of denial. Great: that’s Stage One. It’s a start.

Then I mused: How long have we been living on the banks of denial? And it slightly depressed me today to discover that I wrote an article by that very title back in September 2005, which I could have written today:

Energy will continue to get more and more expensive. In a short while, you won’t be able to afford to fill the tank on an SUV. You will learn to like wearing sweaters, and living without A/C. If you live in a big city or a suburb, you will probably have to move. If you’re in one of the red-hot real estate markets in the US, the value of your property will take a couple of sickening drops. Your money and investments will devalue. You will find it increasingly difficult to buy—or even get—food. Water will get scarcer, more expensive, and harder to clean.

Let me tell you, it gives me absolutely no pleasure to say that I was right. I’ve been trying to help keep this from happening for over a decade, and I’ve never wanted to be right less in my life

Yet, there are critics who claim that people like me are part of some unnamed shadowy conspiracy of "liberal elites" determined to destroy the economy, and other even less charitable characterizations. They say we’re all congenital doom-and-gloomers.

I used to puzzle over that, until I realized that it was just denial.

Most peak oil deniers, I have found, are incredibly resistant to any sort of detailed discussion involving facts and numbers, and I have learned better than to argue with them.

But the fire in my belly says that we had better hurry up and move on here, because time is a-wastin’.

Stage Two: Anger

Stage Two seems to have arrived. Just in the last few months, we’ve seen it everywhere in response to food shortages, fuel shortages, panic buying, huge price increases and crazy volatility in the markets.

Over the last week fuel price spikes, panic and outrage were seen in the UK as a two-day strike shut down the Grangemouth refinery in Scotland, which in turn shut down the Forties Pipeline, taking over 40% of the UK’s North Sea oil and gas production offline. As of yet I haven’t seen much considered discussion about how that kind of vulnerability should inform future energy policy, but there’s plenty of finger pointing going on.

In Congress, the anger was evident as well. And as usual, they came up with some terrible and short-sighted proposals.

Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) proposed a windfall oil profits tax, a notion supported by both Senator Obama and Senator Clinton. Such proposals always come up around earnings season for the oil companies, but they’re a bad idea because oil companies have few economical prospects left, and reducing their economic prospects even further is counter-productive.

Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), along with Senator Clinton and others, called for an investigation into market manipulation, speculation and possible gouging. Most senators also appear to support a temporary halt to filling the SPR (see my article of last week, "High Gasoline Prices Are Here to Stay," on why that’s a bad idea.)

Credit where it is due: President Bush was right to dismiss the suggestion, on the grounds that removing 68,000 barrels a day from an overall U.S. demand of 21 million barrels a day wouldn’t help bring oil prices down.

Several senators also want to close the "Enron Loophole," and make energy trading subject to federal regulation. That much I fully support, since I’ve still got my own anger about the way they bent me over back in 2001.

Clinton and many other senators even proposed filing a WTO complaint against OPEC to pressure them into opening the spigots a little more. Talk about biting the hand that feeds you!

Congress might as well tilt at wind turbines.

Even President Bush was forced to address the energy price issue again—a topic he has studiously avoided while America cried uncle—but he deflected the blame.

"I firmly believe that, you know, if there was a magic wand to wave, I’d be waving it, of course," he said during a news conference. "I’ve repeatedly submitted proposals to help address these problems, yet time after time Congress chose to block them."

As if he doesn’t know that we can’t drill our way out of this problem domestically!

I guess anger, like most things, comes around and goes around.

Anger is understandable, but it’s not productive. We have to move on.

Stage Three: Bargaining

Bargaining seems to be the stage for our presidential contenders.

Senator McCain, joined by Senator Clinton, suggested a little gasoline tax holiday, which is akin to a first class upgrade on the Titanic.

Senator Obama called that one right, saying, "This isn’t an idea designed to get you through the summer, it’s an idea designed to get them through an election."

Indeed, a whole host of bargaining strategies are on offer from our leaders, such as:

  • Increasing production of biofuels and other alternative fuels such as coal-to-liquids (CTL), when it’s already clear that the consequences of both are unacceptable, and that the contribution they could make is too little to make a tangible difference.
  • Raising the CAFE standard to 55 mpg by 2030, when PHEVs can already do that, and you can buy a car today anywhere in Europe that will do that. In 2030, remind me to mail them a letter saying thanks for nothin’.
  • Spending another $150 billion toward renewable energy research. That’s great, and I’m all for it, but it’s also roughly what we’ve already been paying every year for the war in Iraq. Given the challenges we’re facing, we should be investing at least as much in domestic alternative energy and rail as we are spending on the war, which ultimately is about perpetuating a dying paradigm of fossil-fuel burning automobiles.
  • A lousy $1 billion for intercity rail, and $1.5 billion for public transit, when those are clearly—clearly—the most important and immediate investments we could contemplate. Instead of being at the bottom of the list, this should be at the top.

I suspect that Senator Obama may be nearing the end of the Bargaining phase, since he has quite sensibly called for a complete overhaul of US energy policy.

Moving Forward

Whoever is elected to the presidency, the next four years virtually guarantee that he or she will soon see Stage Four: Depression. There are going to be some extremely painful and difficult choices to be made.

So I hope that Acceptance will not be far behind. We have a great deal of transformation to accomplish, and very little time to do it.

Each of us has to go through this process in our own way and time. Every peaker is going or has gone through it. After five years of going through it, I’d put myself almost completely in Acceptance, although I do revisit the previous stages from time to time—another dynamic Kübler-Ross observed. It just seems to be how we’re wired.

It’s difficult. So I have some sympathy for every position on peak oil, including denial, because I’ve been there myself.

However, I have found one thing to be true time and time again: Action feels a lot better than inaction. Talking to other people about it, making plans to deal with it, and taking action helps to still that gong banging away in the brain, and relieve the tightness in the chest.

Reducing your energy consumption not only saves you money, it feels a lot better than raging at oil producers.

It also helps—a lot—to know that I can improve my odds, and hedge the inevitable losses of rising prices for everything, by investing wisely in energy. It really helps to take the sting out of a $70 fillup to see a couple hundred, or couple thousand dollar gain in the ol’ portfolio.

Take a moment to think about where you are in this process, and may that reflection inform your future choices well.

Your friendly Energy and Capital peak freak,

Chris Nelder

Chris

Profit from the Peak

May 2, 2008 at 4:34 am
Contributed by:


Profit from the Peak: The End of Oil and the Greatest Investment Event of the Century

by Chris Nelder and Brian Hicks


This is my first book, released in April 2008. It discusses peak oil in depth, then moves on to examine the possible peaking scenarios for all sources of energy, and recommends investing angles on each one.

Colin Campbell, co-founder of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil (ASPO), called it “the best job I have seen in describing the Peak Oil issue in a sound and very understandable way.”

It’s packed with data and charts, and should be a useful resource for peak oil newbies and experts alike.

I encourage you to pick up a copy and let me know what you think!


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